Radiator Factory

Radiation comes in many forms, including electromagnetic waves and sub-nuclear particles. The electromagnetic spectrum consists of light waves whose length ranges from very short (10-16 meters) at 108meters long (). The product of the velocity of electromagnetic waves and their wavelength is a constant equal to the speed of light, 3 a— 108 meters per second (m / s), therefore, increase the length of a wave, frequency decreases. Thus, if the waves were 1 meter long, the frequency will be 3 a— 108 hertz (Hz) or 300 million / s (which means 300 million light waves pass through each second). The electromagnetic spectrum consists of light waves whose length ranges from very short γ (gamma) rays through X-rays, ultraviolet (UV) spectrum of visible light, infrared (IR) and microwave , radio and television very long waves.

The shortest electromagnetic waves are classified as γ-rays. One form of energy from natural radioactivity on Earth and also from energy sources in space, the γ-rays can be considered as X-rays very short. Discovered by the German physicist Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen in 1895, the remarkable effect of penetration of X-ray and the results of their very short wavelength (about 10-12 to 10-8 m). The waves are so small they can pass through many substances with little interaction. X-rays pass through the skin and organs with little effect, but few are diffracted when they pass through denser materials such as bone, the resulting model allows technicians to make X-ray images of bones and content of packages in the airport scanners.

In 1901, Wilhelm Conrad Ra¶ntgen (or Roentgen) won the first Nobel Prize for Physics in recognition of extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the remarkable rays subsequently his name. "The Rays" remarkable "Ra¶ntgen X-ray called (for lack of better name), but in Germany very quickly came to be called Roentgen rays. A very shy man, Ra¶ntgen refused to give acceptance speech at the usual ceremony.

The energy of electromagnetic radiation is directly proportional to the frequency. Since X-ray and γ both have very high frequencies, they carry large amounts of energy and high intensity X-rays and γ rays can damage many materials (including living tissue). The rays can be focused by lenses and special used to kill cancer cells or organisms that may cause illness or accelerate the deterioration of food.

Bonds between atoms in chemical compounds vibrate at characteristic frequencies. Some molecules have links that can absorb electromagnetic energy, which links to bend, stretch, or vibrate, and sometimes break. Some obligations, in particular (for example, that between carbon and oxygen atoms) trap energy at specific frequencies of infrared radiation, allowing technicians to use instruments called spectrophotometers to detect the presence of these bonds in chemical compounds. UV, visible and IR spectroscopy are tools that allow chemists to easily identify and characterize small amounts of chemicals.

Most animals, including humans, have visual receptors that detect light in the visible spectrum from 400 nanometers for red light. (A nanometer is equivalent to 9.10 meters.) Just below the visible spectrum is ultraviolet light of wavelength ranging from 10-400 nanometers. UV rays are more energetic than visible light, ultraviolet radiation in sunlight can damage molecules in the skin and causes sunburn. Green plants make